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Monday, 2 May 2011

Evaluation

In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?


My media product both uses and challenges the forms and conventions of real media products.

Use

In order for my product to be identifiable as a slasher it must follow some of the codes and conventions of the sub-genre (especially considering that the slasher sub-genre is a good example of genre purism and has not changed much over time).

The first convention I used was to have a masked killer who is armed with a knife. I chose to do this because I feel it is still an effective combination when trying to create fear and also as a homage to scream which contains my favourite slasher opening sequence. I feel I have used this convention effectively and created a character that can genuinely scare people and which also adds an authentic touch to my production.    
The second convention I used was the use of extreme graphic violence in my sequence. At the climax of the sequence, the killer comes behind the victim and stabs him in the spine and then continues to stab him 3 or 4 more times as the victims clothes get soaked in blood. This satisfies the blood thirst of the slasher audience as they expect to see this level of violence and also makes the action more visually impressive. The use of this convention gave me the opportunity to improvise some special fx which I had fun doing and it looks quite realisitic.



Another convention my product follows is that the killer in my sequence attacks at night (Michael Myers in Halloween). This is obviously because the themes prevalent in slasher films (death, murder, evil, gore and masked serial killers ) are more often associated with the night than during the day and also to play on the fear of the dark/night (scotophobia/nyctophobia). In fact in a lot of horror films daylight represents safety and offers the best chance of survival for those trying to evade whatever is trying to kill them.

Challenge


As my product is largely conventional and has been heavily inspired by previous slasher films, I decided to challenge certain conventions in order to give my product some originality.


My product challenges the forms and conventions of real media products in several ways. First, the victims in slasher movies are typically young, attractive, white women whereas in my production both victims are young black men (This does however use the slightly comical horror convention that the black guy always dies first).

Conventionally low key lighting is used to create atmosphere and to play on the almost universal fear of the dark. With the exception of a few shots, my production was entirely filmed in well lit locations. This was not an artistic decision however but was due to the lack of lighting equipment. Luckily I feel this has not subtracted too much from my production but next time I would like to experiment with the lighting and try to incorporate lighting techniques into my production.


The dialogue of the main victim contains a lot of colloquialisms and it is evident that he is from an urban area of London. This challenges the conventions of real media products as usually the characters in slasher films are relatively well spoken which may be as it is easier to sympathize with someone who is well spoken or to represent the target audience. Another point that can be made from this is that not many slasher films are filmed in urban areas of London or contain characters from urban areas of London.      



How does your media product represent particular social groups?


One of the social groups represented in my production are young black men. The media in general tends to portray young black men in a negative light as gangsters and thugs, especially those from London and other urban areas.  In my production this stereotype has been subverted as the young black men in my opening sequence are the victims and not the aggressors. They are also both computer geeks and one is seen playing Xbox360 online and acting in a geeky fashion. This is not a stereotypical representation as young black men in general are portrayed by the media as 'cool' and hyper-masculine (so might not spend their time playing computer games).


Another social group represented in my production are those that play computer games (in particular those that play computer games online). In my production they are represented as competitive, immature and verbally abusive which I chose to do based on my own experiences playing online. I should add that this representation is based on a small minority of players I encountered as most people online communicate in a civil manner. Interestingly, the verbal abuse (usually of a homophobic or racial nature) on games such as Call of Duty:Black Ops has started to attract the attention of the media; "when my attention to online gaming shifted from the PC to the home console, I began to notice a comparatively more hostile environment. For whatever reason, this hostility usually came in the form of racial insensitivity and homophobic behavior" (An article on the website http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10400948-1.html).
   


What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

I believe the media institution that might distribute my media product would be Lionsgate. Lionsgate have a tradition of taking low budget horror films (Saw, Hostel, The Descent) and making them commercially successful which could be replicated with my production. What would interest them about my product is the fact that the ideas have already been formulated and the production has been completed so all that would be required of them is investment and the use of their resources (marketing, advertising e.t.c). Steve Beeks (President of Lionsgate) recently said “These are all titles that appeal primarily to the same demographic.....There is high coincidence of computer geeks that like horror films or action adventure movies.” As my movie is targeted at those with lifestyles that could be described as "computer geeks" and the story itself is based around computer geeks I believe this will interest Lionsgate further as they have extensive experience with distributing products similar to mine to audiences identical to those I have targeted.
Who would be the target audience for my product?
White/Male/18-24/Working Class/
I still believe my product is targeted at this audience however I feel with the inclusion of 2 black actors that perhaps the appeal will broaden by now attracting a larger percent of young black people.


How did you attract/address your audience?

Usually, in order for a slasher film to be successful, it must have a unique selling point that makes it stand apart from other films in the sub-genre (Freddy Krueger can kill people in their dreams, Chucky is a killer doll, scream parodied the codes and conventions of the genre). Although my film borrows heavily from others I feel the concept of my story and the way in which the killer behaves gives my production a unique feel which could attract audiences. The fact that my production is filmed and set in London might also attract audiences as usually slasher films are set somewhere in america so my product offers audiences something different. As I said earlier the slasher sub-genre is a good example of genre purism as films of this genre have not changed much since the earliest slasher films. The themes that were prevalent from Halloween (which is regarded as the first true slasher) are still dominant now; male upon female voyeurism, murder, the inability of authority figures to deal with the threat, gender confusion and sexual perversion e.t.c. are still dominant now. This meant that in order to address my audience I had to satisfy the thrill they get from watching slasher films (being frightened, seeing graphic violence e.t.c.) by giving them the themes, codes and conventions (an indomitable and nefarious killer, people of the audiences age group being preyed upon e.t.c.) they expected to see and what similar audiences have been seing through the last couple of decades. 
Specific ways in which I addressed my audience include choosing a title song by a band that the target audience probably listen to (Them Crooked Vultures). The concept of my story is about a killer who kills people who play online computer games (console games) which couldn't be more targeted at my audience as they themselves play computer games. This was further addressed by footage of the game Call of Duty: Black Ops. This game is the most played online game (for consoles) in the world and one in which the target audience will immediately recognise. As I stated earlier, Steve Beeks (president of Lionsgate) recently said "There is high coincidence of computer geeks that like horror films" which shows that adding computer games is a very effective way of targeting my audience. 

What have you learnt about technologies from the constructing this product?


From the Preliminary task to the final product I have used a variety of technologies:


Preliminary Task


In this stage of the course I gained experience using a video camera and a tripod. The camera I used was a Panasonic NV-GS320 Mini-DV and the tripod I used was a Slik D3. From this task I learnt the basic controls of the camera including the locations of the record button, zoom function, and also how to switch between record mode and playback mode. I learnt about the type of tape this camera uses and how to insert one into the camera. I learnt how to assemble the tripod, attach the camera to the tripod and also how to position the tripod to create a certain shot type. 


Planning/Pre-Production


My planning/pre-production was done in the form of a blog on the website http://www.blogger.com/. This was the first time I have created a blog and I have enjoyed it whilst learning a lot in the process. I have learnt how to make posts, import videos and pictures and place them onto your blog and also how to use some of the websites other functions(I made 2 polls on the side of my blog). 

 
I used the internet a lot for research purposes during this stage to find out about the history of the horror genre, the codes and conventions of the slasher sub-genre, to find my target audience e.t.c. Sites that I used to do this include: http://www.horrorfilmhistory.com/ , http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~p06280755/tech1015/cw/xhtml/slash_conven.html e.t.c. By doing this I learnt how the internet can be utilized to gather information and also how to navigate the websites listed.




When researching similar texts I used youtube to watch the openings and then analyzed the codes and conventions. From this I learnt how youtube can also be a good source of information and is a good tool in order to add visual aids to your blog.




Production


At this stage I gained further experience with both the camera and the tripod (I used the same equipment as I did in the preliminary task). Primarily I learnt about the limitations of both pieces of equipment in particular the camera. I learnt the cameras battery has a very small life which forced me to stop filming for 30minutes. This taught me to use the camera more sensibly and to make sure I have a charged battery spare just in case. The cameras default zoom is very annoying too as even without zooming in the camera feels too close to the action. This created many problems considering the room I filmed the majority of my scene in was very small and so limited the amount of shots I could use.This taught me in future to check the locations and equipment before the day of filming. Similarly the large tripod created problems as when fully extended it takes up a large portion of the room I filmed in. 

In one part of my opening sequence, the victim sees the killer murder someone on his television. To create this effect I had to first film the killer with a different camera (similar to the one pictured) and then play it back on the tv using an AV cable. I then recorded the screen in a P.O.V shot for most of the part before zooming in to capture a key moment of the scene (when the killers mask is revealed). From this I learnt how the use of technology could be used to create certain effects and also how cameras can interact with televisons.


Post-Production
This is the stage of the construction process where I learnt the most about technologies.
First I learnt how to use the iMac G5 which is quite different to the pc I use at home. In the time that I have used it I have learnt how to access applications, shortcut keys (e.g. command-shift-3 on a iMac is the same as a PC's print screen button which I have used in my blog more than once), how to navigate menus and just the operating system in general. The fact that the media suite at my college is full of iMacs and not PCs tells me that perhaps the Macs are better for editing purposes.
I learnt how to import footage on a Mini-DV camera into an iMac using a firewire (This also taught me how large DV files are compared to DVD files as they are compressed to a lesser degree).
The footage was imported into an iMac application called iMovie (version 4) and this is where I edited it. I was expecting to be dissapointed with iMovie as I was told by friends that it is basic in comparison to other editing software such as FinalCut Pro but I enjoyed using it because of its simplicity. I learnt how to cut my footage and manipulate it so that my sequence looked exactly as I wanted it to and how to use the different time bars to arrange the different shots. I learnt how to change the audio levels and how to extract unwanted audio from my footage and delete it without deleting the video. I learnt how to add titles and effects such as slow motion which I used a couple of times in my production aswell as how to import other sounds and videos I downloaded from the internet.
The music I used was downloaded from a royalty free internet site called http://www.incompetech.com/. The sound effects I used were downloaded from a different site called http://www.soundbible.com/. Both were then imported into iMovie and then synchronized with my video.
The opening shots of a computer game required more effort to obtain. I had to browse youtube for the video I wanted to use. I then used a website which rips videos from youtube called http://www.keepvid.com/ and converts them into mp4 files. I then imported this file into iMovie and cut it before placing it in the sequence I wanted. This obviously taught me how to download videos from youtube and import them into iMovie.
Looking back at your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learnt in the progression from it to the full product?
The preliminary task was a very basic exercise but important, as it taught me how important it is to frame shots correctly, to have a still camera, how to use the cameras functions and also to obey the 180 degree rule in order to maintain verisimilitude. I learnt how to move the camera with the tripod and had the opportunity to practice the different shot types. All the things I learnt in the preliminary task were incorporated into my final product so it was very helpful for me.

From the preliminary task to the final product I feel I have learned how to successfully plan a production with regards to what mise-en-scene to use and why, how to identify the codes and conventions and then either use them or challenge them, how to edit raw footage to make it comprehensible and effective as an example of a specific sub-genre e.t.c. I feel I could have done the lighting in my production better and also arranged my actors better so I would not had to have changed my idea.

I think I have successfully created an opening sequence that is identifiable as a slasher and effective at delivering to the audience what they expect.

I believe my strengths are imagining what the sequence will look like and then using the equipment and technologies to make it a reality. I also believe that I have good organisation skills/work ethic considering I have completed all stages of production by myself.

I believe my weakness was not taking risks as right from the beginning I wanted to make a product that was ambitious and required other technology then those avaliable at the college but I ended up doing a simple idea. 

Friday, 25 March 2011

Sound

Diegetic


Sound FX:


The most important sound effect I added was the squelchy stabbing sound. The sound used is similar to the over the top sounds used in other slasher films. It gives the part of the scene where it is used a more graphic and visceral edge.


I used a static sound for the tv to show that something had changed since the victim had left the room. This could create intrigue as the audience may think "that wasn't there before" and so sets them up for the disturbance.


I added a loud banging sound effect to denote someone knocking on the door. Due to it's loud volume it will create intrigue as to the source and the reason why someone would bang so loud in the middle of the night, as this usually only happens in the case of an emergency (police).


I obtained all the sound effects I used from the internet (http://www.soundbible.com/) and imported them into IMovie.   

Non-Diegetic

Title Music: Interlude with Ludes by Them Crooked Vultures

I choose this song as it has a surreal and haunting timbre which expresses the atmosphere of my film and the mental dissonance of the killer. The lyrics in the first verse ("I've always been behind you, so I think we should meet, I've sharpened my knives, so I'm gonna use them") perfectly reflect the story, characters and mood of my sequence and typifies the themes that are predominant in the slasher sub-genre.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRSOrP2qolw


In regards to marketing, the band 'Them Crooked Vultures ' are listened predominantly by white men between the ages of 18-24 which is the same target audience my production is targeted at. Therefore if my film was distributed a soundtrack could be released to accompany the films release.

Special FX

To create a stabbing effect that looked relatively realistic I used an old box that was a similar size to my actor and dressed it in the t-shirt his character (the victim) was wearing.

I then filmed 2 different shots; 1 stabbing the box without fake blood and 1 stabbing the box with fake blood applied (with the idea of cutting from one to the other with a close up of the victims face as an intermediate shot).


After editing the footage (without sound) this is how it turned out..........

Shot List

One of the criteria that our productions will be marked on is the variety of shots used. As a result I have tried to incorporate as many different shots and shot angles into my production as possible whilst using them correctly to create a certain effect e.g. using a P.O.V. shot to create sympathy for the victim. I will use the following shots in my production (in order):

o Extreme Long Shot/Establishing shot : EXT
o P.O.V.
o Medium Close Up : INT
o P.O.V.
o Medium Close Up: INT
o P.O.V.
o Medium Long Shot: INT
o Close Up: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Low Angle Shot: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Long Shot: EXT
o Tilt Shot: EXT
o Close Up: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Medium to Long Shot: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Medium Close Up: INT
o Close up: INT
o P.O.V: INT
o Close Up: INT
o P.O.V: INT
o Close Up: INT
o P.O.V: INT
o Close Up: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Medium Shot: INT
o Low Angle Shot: INT
o P.O.V: INT
o Medium Close Up: INT
o Close Up: INT
o Medium Close Up: INT
o Close Up: INT
o Low Angle: INT
o P.O.V to Worm: INT

Mise-en-scene

Costume

The Mask
While not particularly scary to look at by itself, when in conjunction with the dark clothing, low lighting and other mise-en-scene (knife e.t.c.), the mask contributes to the dark atmosphere of my production and creates fear and intrigue as to the identity of the killer. The innocent, childlike mask when juxtaposed with the actions of the killer creates a morbid effect and solidifies the disturbed mental state of the killer. The use of the mask also plays on the irrational fear some people have of masks (Maskaphobia) and the fear of clowns too (Coulrophobia) which is created by the impossibility to gauge the emotions of the wearer. Other films which have played on this fear include 'IT' ( A film based on a Stephen King novel about a killer clown) and Halloween. It is conventional for killers in slasher movies to wear masks to dehumanize them and also because psychologically most people find the idea of being murdered by an unidentifiable person scarier than being murdered by someone you know (especially when killed without reason).


                                               Clothing


I have used clothing and colour to create distinction between the victims and the killers. With the exception of the mask, the killer is dressed in all black as black connotes evil and power. The lack of colour signifies the absence of emotion that the killer possesses and that perhaps death surrounds him. The black clothing when used with low lighting also deprives the audience of the ability to see him which can create fear. 
  
Both the victims are dressed in white which connotes innocence and purity, so makes it easier for the audience to sympathise with them and accentuates how malefic the killer is. From a practical perspective blood (fake or otherwise) is most visible on white clothing so will enhance the look of the special fx used and show that the character is in extreme danger which will add to the excitement/fear.    


 Props




The Weapon

Even though knives are used primarily for eating with they are still an instrument of fear because of the ammount of damage a single blow can cause to the human body. The recent increase in knife crime has exacerbated this fear and so I feel its inclusion in my production will be effective at creating fear and discomfort for the audience. By choosing to arm my killer with a knife I am following the conventions of the slasher sub-genre as many of the prominent killers in this sub-genre use knives. The combination of the white mask and the knife was chosen as a homage to Scream which has heavily influenced my production. I chose to do this as I feel the opening to scream is the most successful and well executed opening to a slasher and I hoped to emulate it's effective use of the codes and conventions. 


Xbox/TV
                                                      

The use of the xbox in my production was selected to create recognition between the victim and the audience as one of the aspects of my target audience was those whos lifestyles included playing videogames. By showing the character playing video games and how he acts whilst doing so, allows the audience to build a picture of the type of person he is (personality, lifestyle e.t.c), which helps to create a connection between the audience and the character and allow equilibrium to be established. As horror films rely on making the ordinary scary, the concepts used by film makers have occasionally integrated domestic technologies into the way in which fear is created. An example of this would be The Ring in which the antagonist climbs out of the victims tv before killing them. This idea inspired me to include a scene in my production in which the victims sees the killer kill someone on his tv before the attention of the killer is turned on to him. 










Lighting

With the exception of one scene, lighting was not considered and standard domestic lighting was used. In the scene that lighting was important, a light was positioned at a high angle to highlight the victim, showing him in a vulnerable position surrounded by darkness and at the mercy of the killer. When the killer enters the shot, the foreground where he is standing is in darkness which he blends into, depriving the audience of the ability to see him clearly. In the reveal when he turns around (after killing the victim) and we can see he is wearing the mask the other character has just found, the light was used to reveal just enough of the mask as to be recognisable. The other side of the mask remains hidden which creates a sinister visual effect when in reality the mask is not scary looking at all.   







Target Audience


Gender - Male
Slasher films appeal to a predominantly male audience as men in general are more likely to enjoy films that contain graphic violence. It could be said that the slasher sub-genre may alienate women by constantly showing the predation upon them and that the juvenile sexual content (sometimes bordering on soft core pornography) may also repel them. Because of these reasons my film will target a male audience.

Age - 18~24

My film will target this age bracket because in general they are the audience that are attracted to the themes present in the slasher sub-genre (death, violence, sex e.t.c). As my film will not challenge convention and will follow the typical slasher formula (masked man goes on killing spree), audiences older than those I have targeted may find it immature and repetitive. My film would most likely be classified with an 18 certificate making anyone under this age irrelevant. The victim in my sequence will be identifiable to the 18-24 age group as he resides within this bracket and is playing video games in the sequence which a large percentage of this age group do.   


Race - White


My film will be targeted at this race as fans of slasher films are predominantly white nerdy young men and I feel my production will appeal to this group in particular. Although the only actors who's faces are visible are black, which would suggest it was targeted at a black audience, the film would still be viewed by a mainly white audience as they make up the largest percentage of cinema goers (for slasher films).


Class/Education
In general class is synonymous with education and the class that is typically targeted at when considering a slasher film is the working class. The Middle to upper classes typically prefers a more cerebral experience when watching a movie which the slasher sub-genre does not cater to. My movie will be targeted at working class people.
Slasher fans at a convention
 


If my production was to actually be distributed I would advertise it in Gamer magazines such as OXM as well as magazines such as ZOO and Nuts as these magazines share the same target audience as my production. I would also create a promotion where people who pre-booked tickets to watch my film would recieve masks in the same style as the one worn by the killer of my film.






Target Audience of the texts I researched 

Scream.




Scream targeted the same demographic I have; white men between the ages 18-24. From looking at the video above (queue for the premiere of Scream 4) this is evident as, although there is a mixture of ethnicities and both men and women are represented in that queue, the queue is made up of predominantly young white men. Something that Wes Craven (Director) did that was unique, with regards to target audience, was adding the character Randy Meeks. Randy Meeks (played by Jamie Kennedy) is a representation of the archetypal horror movie fan, with an encylopedic knowledge of the horror genre including the codes, conventions, history e.t.c. who comments on the situation the characters are in with reference to his knowledge of horror films. While this was done in an ironic fashion, the representation still identifies the target audience of the film and the people most likely to watch it.

Randy Meeks from Scream


Target Audience Profile

Age: 18-25
Sex: Male
Ethnicity: White 
Education: College/University Students
Lifestyle: Computer Games/Internet/Nerdy  
Location: Urban